LiNbO3 CrystalLoaʻa iā ia nā waiwai electro-optical, piezoelectric, photoelastic a me nonlinear optical properties.He birefringent ikaika lākou.Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka laserfrequency double, nonlinear optics, Pockels cell, optical parametric oscillators, Q-switching device no lasers, other acousto-opticdevices, optical switch no gigahertz frequencies, etc.